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Apostille is a special stamp which, according to the Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents adopted on October 5, 1961 (entered into force for the Russian Federation on May 31, 1992) is affixed to non-commercial public documents emanating from authorities and organizations of a country party to the Convention (download the text of the Convention).
You can find out which documents require legalization and which documents are exempt from this requirement.
An apostille certifies the authenticity of the signature, the capacity in which the person signing the document acted and, where appropriate, the identity of the seal or stamp which the document bears (Article 5 of the Convention), does not require further certification or legalization and is recognized by all official bodies of all States Parties to the Convention.
Here you can find the list of states with which the Russian Federation (as the successor state to the USSR) has entered into agreements on legal assistance and legal relations in civil, family and criminal cases abolishing the requirement of legalization for non-commercial public documents, i.e. where neither legalization nor apostille is required.
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According to Article 1 of the Hague Convention Abolishing the Requirement of Legalisation for Foreign Public Documents, the Convention applies to public documents which have been executed in the territory of one Contracting State and which have to be produced in the territory of another Contracting State. Public documents as defined by the Convention mean:
The Convention applies to documents of education and civil status, work records, certificates of being alive and some other certificates, powers of attorney, court rulings and civil, family and criminal case materials.
The Convention does not apply to documents executed by diplomatic or consular agents or to administrative documents dealing directly with commercial or customs operations. These include powers of attorney authorizing execution of transactions, cross-border transfer of goods, agreements (contracts) on the supply of goods, rendering of services, performance of various types of work and making settlements thereon, etc. Where this is permitted under the national legislation of the country in whose territory these documents will be used, the documents are legalized according to the standard procedure, i.e., through consular legalization which requires applying to several separate offices in succession. This multi-stage legalization of documents for stricter control over transactions of commercial entities. An apostille is affixed to charters, constitutive documents, patent and other documents emanating from a government authority or agency (certificates of registration, licenses, etc.). Constitutive documents, including amendments and additions, must bear a note and the stamp of a registration or tax authority and must be signed by a registration authority official.
Country | Ratification or Accession Date | Date Entered Into Force |
Australia | (accession) July 11, 1994 | March 16, 1995 |
Austria | October 5, 1961 | January 13, 1968 |
Azerbaijan | May 13, 2004 (accession) | March 2, 2005 |
Albania | September 3, 2003 (accession) | May 9, 2004 |
American Samoa | The Convention is effective in American Samoa as overseas territories of the USA | |
Andorra | (accession) April 15, 1996 | December 31, 1996 |
Antigua and Barbuda | (accession) | November 1, 1981 (independence date) |
Netherlands Antilles | March 1, 1967 (The Netherlands put the Convention in force in the Netherlands Antilles) | April 30, 1967 |
Argentina | (accession) May 8, 1987 |
February 18, 1988 |
Armenia * | (accession) November 19, 1993 | August 14, 1994 |
Aruba | March 1, 1967 (The Netherlands put the Convention in force in Aruba) | April 30, 1967 |
Bahamas | (accession) | July 10, 1973 (independence date) |
Barbados | (accession) | November 30, 1966 (independence date) |
Belarus * | (accession) | 31 May 1992 |
Belize | (accession) July 17, 1992 |
April 11, 1993 |
Belgium | March 10, 1970 | February 9, 1976 |
Bermudas | February 24, 1965 (Great Britain put the Convention in force on the Bermuda Islands) | April 25, 1965 |
Bulgaria * | (accession) August 1, 2000 | April 29, 2001 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina * | January 24, 1965 | |
Botswana (former Bechuanaland) | (accession) | September 30, 1996 (independence date) |
British Antarctic Territory | February 24, 1965 (Great Britain put the Convention in force in the British Antarctic Territory) | April 25, 1965 |
American Virgin Islands | The Convention is effective on the American Virgin Islands as overseas territories of the USA | |
British Virgin Islands | February 24, 1965 (Great Britain put the Convention in force on the British Virgin Islands) | April 25, 1965 |
Brunei Darussalam | (accession) February 23, 1987 | December 3, 1987 |
Vanuatu | July 30, 1980 (became effective in Vanuatu as a legal successor of the New Hebrides in view of Vanuatu’s declaration of independence) | |
Macedonia * | January 24, 1965 | |
Hungary | (accession) April 18, 1972 |
January 18, 1973 |
Venezuela | (accession) | March 16, 1999 |
Guadeloupe | The Convention is in force in Guadeloupe as an overseas department of France | |
French Guiana | The Convention is in force in French Guiana as an overseas department of France | |
Germany | October 5, 1961 | February 13, 1966 |
Guernsey | August 21, 1964 (Great Britain put the Convention in force in the Bailiff’s District of Guernsey) | January 24, 1965 |
Gibraltar | February 24, 1965 (Great Britain put the Convention in force in Gibraltar) | April 25, 1965 |
Honduras | January 20, 2004 (accession) | September 30, 2004 |
Grenada | (accession) | February 7, 1974 (independence date) |
Greece | October 5, 1961 | May 18, 1985 |
Georgia | August 21, 2006 (accession) | May 14, 2007 |
Guam | The Convention is in force in Guam as overseas territories of the USA | |
Denmark | October 30, 2006 (ratification) | December 29, 2006 |
Jersey | August 21, 1964 (Great Britain put the Convention in force in the Bailiff’s District of Jersey) | January 24, 1965 |
Dominica | (accession) October 22, 2002 | November 3, 1978 (independence date) |
Dominican Republic | December 12, 2008 (ratification) | August 30, 2009 |
Israel | (accession) November 11, 1977 | August 14, 1978 |
India | October 26, 2004 (accession) | July 14, 2005 |
Ireland | October 29, 1996 | March 9, 1999 |
Iceland | September 28, 2004 (ratification) | November 27, 2004 |
Spain | October 21, 1976 | September 25, 1978 |
Italy | December 15, 1961 | February 11, 1978 |
Cape Verde | May 7, 2009 (accession) | February 10, 2010 |
Kazakhstan | (accession) April 5, 2000 | January 30, 2001 |
Cayman Islands | February 24, 1965 (Great Britain put the Convention in force on the Cayman Islands) | April 25, 1965 |
Cyprus | (accession) July 26, 1972 | April 30, 1973 |
Kirgizia | November 15, 2010 (accession) | July 31, 2011 |
China, only Special Administrative Region Hong Kong * | April 25, 1965 | |
China, only Special Administrative Region Macao* | February 4, 1969 | |
Colombia | (accession) April 27, 2000 | January 30, 2001 |
Republic of Korea | October 25, 2006 (accession) | July 14, 2007 |
Costa Rica | April 6, 2011 (accession) | December 14, 2011 |
Cook Islands | July 13, 2004 (accession) | April 30, 2005 |
Latvia * | (accession) May 11, 1995 |
January 30, 1996 |
Lesotho (former Basutoland) | (accession) | October 4, 1966 (independence date) |
Liberia | (accession) May 24, 1995 | February 8, 1996 |
Lithuania * | (accession) November 5, 1996 | July 19, 1997 |
Liechtenstein | April 18, 1962 | September 17, 1972 |
Luxemburg | October 5, 1961 | June 3, 1979 |
Mauritius | (accession) | March 12, 1968 (independence date) |
Mayotte | The Convention is in force in Mayotte as an overseas department and region of France | |
Malawi | (accession) February 24, 1967 | December 2, 1967 |
Malta | (accession) June 12, 1967 | March 3, 1968 |
Marshall Islands | (accession) November 18, 1991 | August 14, 1992 |
Mexico | (accession) December 1, 1994 | August 14, 1995 |
Moldova | June 19, 2006 (accession) | March 16, 2007 |
Monaco | (accession) April 24, 2002 | December 31, 2002 |
Mongolia | April 2, 2009 (accession) | December 31, 2009 |
Montserrat | February 24, 1965 (Great Britain put the Convention in force in Montserrat) | April 25, 1965 |
Isle of Man |
August 21, 1964 (Great Britain put the Convention in force on the Isle of Man) | January 24, 1965 |
Namibia | (accession) April 25, 2000 | January 30, 2001 |
Netherlands | November 30, 1962 | October 8, 1965 |
Niue | (accession) June 10, 1998 | March 2, 1999 |
New Zealand | (accession) February 7, 2001 | November 22, 2001 |
New Caledonia | The Convention is in force in New Caledonia as overseas territories of France | |
Norway | May 30, 1983 | July 29, 1983 |
Oman | May 12, 2011 (accession) | January 30, 2012 |
Panama | (accession) October 30, 1980 | August 4, 1991 |
Peru | January 13, 2010 (accession) | September 30, 2010 |
Poland | November 19, 2004 (accession) | August 14, 2005 |
Portugal | August 20, 1965 | February 4, 1969 |
Puerto Rico | The Convention is in force in Puerto Rico as overseas territories of the USA | |
Reunion | The Convention is in force in Reunion as an overseas region of France | |
Russia | (accession) September 4, 1991 | May 31, 1992 |
Romania* | (accession) June 7, 2000 | March 16, 2001 |
El Salvador | (accession) September 14, 1995 | May 31, 1996 |
Samoa | (accession) January 18, 1999 | September 13, 1999 |
San Marino | (accession) May 26, 1994 | February 13, 1995 |
Sao Tome and Principe | December 9, 2007 (accession) | September 13, 2008 |
Swaziland | (accession) | September 6, 1968 (independence date) |
Saint Helena | February 24, 1965 (Great Britain put the Convention in force on the island of Saint Helena) | April 25, 1965 |
Northern Mariana Islands | (The Convention is in force on the Northern Mariana Islands as overseas territories of the USA) | |
Seychelles | (accession) June 9, 1978 | March 31, 1979 |
St. Pierre and Miquelon | The Convention is in force in St. Pierre and Miquelon as a territorial overseas collectivity of France | |
Saint Kitts and Nevis (former Saint Christopher and Nevis) | (accession) February 26, 1994 | December 14 , 1994 |
Saint Lucia | (accession) December 5, 2001 | July 31, 2002 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | (accession) May 2, 2002 | October 27, 1979 (independence day) |
Slovakia* | (accession) | February 17, 2002 |
Slovenia | June 6, 2001 | January 24, 1965 |
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Island | October 19, 1961 | January 24, 1965 |
United States of America | (accession) December 24 , 1980 | October 15, 1981 |
Surinam | (accession) | November 25, 1975 (independence date) |
Turks and Caicos Islands | February 24, 1965 (Great Britain put the Convention in force on the Turks and Caicos Islands) | April 25, 1965 |
Tonga | (accession) | June 4, 1970 (independence date) |
Trinidad and Tobago | (accession) October 28, 1999 | July 14, 2000 |
Turkey | May 8, 1962 | September 29 , 1985 |
Uzbekistan | July 25, 2011 (accession) | April 15, 2012 |
Ukraine | (accession) | December 22, 2003 |
Wallis and Futuna Islands | The Convention is in force on the Wallis and Futuna Islands as overseas territories of France | |
Fiji | (accession) | October 10, 1970 (independence date) |
Finland | March 13, 1962 | August 26, 1985 |
Falkland Islands (Malvinas) | February 24, 1965 (Great Britain put the Convention in force on the Falkland Islands) | April 25, 1965 |
France | October 9, 1961 | January 24, 1965 |
French Polynesia | The Convention is in force in French Polynesia as a territorial overseas collectivity of France | |
Croatia * | January 24, 1965 | |
Czech Republic* | (accession) June 23, 1998 | 16 March, 1999 |
Switzerland | October 5 , 1961 | March 11, 1973 |
Sweden | March 2, 1999 | May 1, 1999 |
Ecuador | July 2, 2004 (accession) | April 2, 2005 |
Estonia | (accession) December 11, 2000 |
September 30, 2001 |
Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro, 2003) * | July 1, 1998 | January 24, 1965 |
Republic of South Africa | (accession) August 3, 1994 | April 30, 1995 |
Japan | March 12, 1970 | July 27, 1970 |
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